Terraform
Backend & InfraTerraform enables you to safely and predictably create, change, and improve infrastructure. It is a source-available tool that codifies APIs into declarative configuration files that can be shared amongst team members, treated as code, edited, reviewed, and versioned.
Release History
v1.14.61 fixThis patch release fixes an issue in 'terraform test' where invalid provider configurations were not correctly reported as errors.
v1.15.0-alpha20260218Breaking11 fixes9 featuresThis alpha release introduces build support for Windows ARM64, allows marking variables/outputs as deprecated, and enhances backend validation and Terraform Test capabilities. It also fixes several CLI and state handling bugs.
v1.14.51 fixVersion 1.14.5 primarily addresses a bug related to path resolution during terraform stack validation.
v1.15.0-alpha20260204Breaking11 fixes3 featuresThis alpha release introduces Windows ARM64 builds, deprecation warnings for variables/outputs, and S3 authentication via `aws login`. It also includes numerous bug fixes across CLI commands, testing, and backend operations.
v1.14.43 fixesThis patch release (1.14.4) focuses on stability, addressing critical bugs related to backend initialization crashes, diagnostic rendering in cloud sessions, and plan graph failures for modules without instances.
v1.14.31 fixThis patch release primarily addresses a bug in stacks by ensuring path resolution uses relative paths instead of absolute ones.
v1.14.22 fixes1 featureThis release introduces enhancements to Terraform Stacks, specifically adding component registry source resolution support, and fixes bugs related to local value planning and resource state handling during apply failures.
v1.15.0-alpha202512035 fixes5 featuresThis alpha release introduces builds for Windows ARM64 and re-enables PowerShell support for the ssh-based provisioner. It also includes several bug fixes across CLI commands and introduces experimental features for deferred actions and enhanced Terraform testing capabilities.
v1.14.15 fixesThis patch release (1.14.1) focuses primarily on bug fixes across testing, resource replacement logic, provider locking, and action execution timing.
v1.15.0-alpha202511193 fixes1 featureThis alpha release introduces Windows ARM64 builds and enhances testing diagnostics, while also introducing several experimental features related to deferred actions and test state management.
v1.14.07 fixes4 featuresThis release introduces significant new features around infrastructure querying via HCL and the `terraform query` command, alongside a new provider-extensible Actions block. It also includes several bug fixes related to imports, backend proxies, and query operations.
v1.14.0-rc27 fixes4 featuresThis release introduces significant new features around infrastructure querying via HCL files and the `terraform query` command, alongside a new Actions block for imperative provider operations. It also includes several bug fixes related to imports, OSS backend proxying, and query handling.
v1.13.52 fixesThis patch release addresses two specific bugs related to consistency checks in templatefile and filesystem function evaluation within provider configuration.
v1.14.0-rc1Breaking5 fixes4 featuresThis release introduces significant new features around infrastructure querying via HCL files and the `terraform query` command, alongside a new provider-extensible Actions block. It also includes several bug fixes and raises the minimum required macOS version for building from source.
v1.14.0-beta35 fixes4 featuresThis beta release introduces significant new features around infrastructure querying via HCL and the `terraform query` command, alongside a new provider-extensible Actions block. It also includes several bug fixes related to imports, backend proxying, and test diagnostics.
v1.13.41 fixThis patch release addresses a specific crash scenario related to displaying cloud plans when no cloud backend is configured.
v1.14.0-beta23 fixes4 featuresThis beta release introduces significant new features like List Resources in HCL, the `terraform query` command, and provider-defined Actions. It also includes fixes for import variable handling and OSS backend proxy support.
v1.14.0-beta12 fixes4 featuresThis beta release introduces significant new features like infrastructure querying via `*.tfquery.hcl` and provider-defined Actions, alongside fixes for import variable retrieval and OSS backend proxy support.
v1.13.31 fixPatch release 1.13.3 primarily addresses a bug in variable validation logic related to metadata preservation.
v1.14.0-alpha20250911Breaking2 fixes1 featureThis alpha release introduces a new GenerateResourceConfiguration RPC for providers and includes fixes for workspace variable retrieval during import and OSS backend proxy support. It also sets a new minimum macOS requirement for building.
v1.13.22 fixesThis patch release primarily addresses bug fixes related to test execution order and the display of sensitive inputs during the apply phase.
v1.14.0-alpha20250903Breaking1 fix2 featuresThis alpha release introduces improvements to 'terraform test' output and OSS backend proxy support. It also raises the minimum required macOS version for building due to the Go 1.25 toolchain.
v1.14.0-alpha20250827Breaking2 featuresThis alpha release introduces enhancements to `terraform test` output and cleanup, alongside a new build requirement for macOS users.
v1.13.12 fixesThis patch release addresses two specific bugs in 'terraform test', resolving an incorrect exit code issue and preventing a panic during reference resolution.
v1.13.08 fixes4 featuresThis release introduces the new `terraform stacks` CLI command and enhances Terraform Test capabilities, including parallel teardown execution and improved variable handling within test files. Several bugs related to workspace validation, state management, and plan diagnostics have also been fixed.
v1.14.0-alpha202508132 fixes1 featureThis alpha release introduces expected diagnostic output for verbose terraform tests and ignores `prevent_destroy` during test cleanup. It also introduces the experimental "deferred actions" feature for handling unknown values in resource configurations.
v1.14.0-alpha202508062 fixes1 featureThis alpha release introduces enhancements to terraform test output and cleanup, and enables the experimental deferred actions feature for handling unknown values in resource configurations.
v1.13.0-rc17 fixes2 featuresThis release introduces the new `terraform stacks` CLI command and makes the `terraform rpcapi` generally available. It also includes numerous enhancements to Terraform Test, performance improvements, and several bug fixes related to state management and validation.
v1.13.0-beta37 fixes2 featuresThis beta release introduces the new `terraform stacks` CLI command and makes the `terraform rpcapi` command generally available. It also includes several enhancements to Terraform Test and various bug fixes related to workspace validation and configuration sensitivity.
v1.14.0-alpha202507241 featureThis alpha release introduces an enhancement for terraform test output when running in verbose mode and enables the experimental "deferred actions" feature.
v1.13.0-beta27 fixes2 featuresThis beta release introduces the `terraform stacks` CLI command and makes the `terraform rpcapi` generally available. It also includes several enhancements for Terraform Test and various bug fixes related to workspace validation and configuration diagnostics.
v1.14.0-alpha202507161 featureThis alpha release introduces the experimental "deferred actions" feature, allowing greater flexibility with unknown values in count and for_each arguments during planning.
v1.13.0-beta16 fixes2 featuresThis beta release introduces the `terraform stacks` CLI command and makes the `terraform rpcapi` generally available. It also includes several enhancements to testing, type checking, and bug fixes related to workspace names and module output sensitivity.
v1.13.0-alpha202507085 fixes2 featuresThis alpha release introduces the new `terraform stacks` CLI command and enhances `terraform test` capabilities, alongside performance fixes and bug resolutions related to workspace naming and module output sensitivity.
v1.13.0-alpha202507024 fixes2 featuresThis alpha release introduces the `terraform stacks` CLI command and makes the `terraform rpcapi` generally available. Enhancements focus on testing improvements and performance fixes.
v1.13.0-alpha202506232 fixes4 featuresThis alpha release introduces the new `terraform stacks` CLI command and enhances `terraform test` capabilities regarding variable definitions. It also includes performance fixes and addresses issues with nested module output sensitivity.
v1.12.21 fixVersion 1.12.2 addresses a bug where partial ephemeral values were incorrectly rejected in ephemeral outputs.
v1.13.0-alpha202506041 fix2 featuresThis alpha release introduces the new `terraform stacks` CLI command and makes the `terraform rpcapi` command generally available. It also includes enhancements for provider constraint checking and performance improvements for high cardinality resources.
v1.13.0-alpha202505211 fix2 featuresThis alpha release introduces the `terraform stacks` CLI command and the new `-allow-deferral` flag for plan/apply/refresh operations to handle unknown values gracefully. The `terraform rpcapi` command is now generally available.
v1.12.13 fixesVersion 1.12.1 addresses several bugs, including issues with import UI output, provider installation, and comparison logic during testing.
v1.12.05 fixes11 featuresThis release introduces OCI Object Storage backend support and enhances Terraform Test capabilities with parallelism control and improved assertion diagnostics. It also drops support for Linux kernels older than 3.2.
v1.12.0-rc25 fixes11 featuresThis release introduces OCI Object Storage backend support and enhances Terraform Test capabilities with parallelism control and improved assertion diagnostics. It also enforces a minimum Linux kernel version of 3.2 on Linux systems.
v1.12.0-rc1Breaking5 fixes11 featuresThis release introduces OCI Object Storage backend support and enhances Terraform Test capabilities with parallelism control and improved assertion diagnostics. It also drops support for Linux kernels older than 3.2.
v1.12.0-beta35 fixes9 featuresThis beta release introduces OCI Object Storage backend support and enhances Terraform Test capabilities with parallelism control and improved failure handling. It also drops support for Linux kernels older than 3.2.
v1.12.0-beta25 fixes9 featuresThis beta release introduces significant enhancements to Terraform Test, including parallelism control and improved failure handling. It also fixes several bugs related to state refreshing and diagnostic reporting.
v1.11.42 fixesThis patch release addresses stability issues by disabling a specific TLS cipher suite and correcting attribute handling for internal providers.
v1.12.0-beta15 fixes8 featuresThis beta release introduces significant enhancements to Terraform Test, including parallelism control and improved assertion failure reporting. It also resolves several bugs related to state refreshing and plan generation.
v1.11.32 fixesThis patch release addresses two specific bugs related to CLI behavior with HCP Terraform remote backends and module handling during apply operations.
v1.12.0-alpha20250319Breaking4 fixes7 featuresThis alpha release introduces parallelism control for Terraform Test, enables short-circuiting for logical operators, and fixes several state and diagnostic reporting bugs. It also drops support for Linux kernels older than 3.2.
v1.12.0-alpha20250312Breaking5 fixes7 featuresThis alpha release introduces significant enhancements to Terraform Test, including parallelism control and improved failure handling, alongside fixes for state refreshing and remote backend interactions. It also drops support for Linux kernels older than 3.2.
v1.11.22 fixes1 featureTerraform 1.11.2 introduces OIDC token refresh support for Azure ADO Pipelines and fixes a null-value handling bug in the templatestring function.
v1.11.15 fixesTerraform 1.11.1 is a maintenance release focusing on bug fixes, including a revert of Windows symlink handling and a security update for the oauth2 dependency.
v1.11.04 fixes3 featuresTerraform 1.11.0 introduces write-only resource attributes, GA for S3 native state locking, and GA for JUnit XML test output. It also includes significant updates to the Azure backend and enhancements to the terraform test command.
v1.11.0-rc34 fixes8 featuresTerraform 1.11.0-rc3 introduces write-only resource attributes, GA for S3 native state locking, and GA for JUnit XML test reporting. It also includes significant updates to the Azure backend authentication and enhancements to the 'terraform test' command.
v1.11.0-rc24 fixes8 featuresTerraform 1.11.0-rc2 introduces S3-native state locking and JUnit XML output for tests as GA features, alongside write-only resource attributes and enhanced Azure backend authentication.
v1.12.0-alpha202502132 featuresThis alpha release introduces experimental support for a Terraform RPC API to support Terraform Stacks and a new 'deferred actions' mode for handling unknown values in count and for_each arguments.
v1.11.0-rc13 fixes8 featuresTerraform 1.11.0-rc1 introduces native S3 state locking, write-only resource attributes, and promotes JUnit XML test reporting to general availability.
v1.11.0-beta21 fix6 featuresTerraform 1.11.0-beta2 introduces S3 native state locking, write-only resource attributes, and a new JSON output for module listings, while promoting JUnit XML test reporting to general availability.
v1.10.53 fixesThis maintenance release fixes a crash in the element function, improves jsondecode error messages, and addresses CVE-2025-0377 via a dependency update.
v1.11.0-beta11 fix6 featuresTerraform 1.11.0-beta1 introduces write-only resource attributes, GA support for S3 native state locking, and enhancements to 'terraform test' including JUnit XML output and state key control.
Common Errors
ResourceInUseException1 reportThe ResourceInUseException generally indicates that a resource Terraform is trying to modify or delete is currently being used or depended on by another resource. To resolve this, ensure dependent resources (like nodegroups attached to an EKS cluster) are explicitly deleted or detached *before* the resource causing the error. Terraform's `depends_on` attribute can also enforce the correct order of operations allowing dependent resources to be deleted first.
MalformedPolicyDocumentException1 reportMalformedPolicyDocumentException in Terraform usually arises from syntax errors or invalid structure within your IAM policy documents, especially in `aws_iam_policy` resources or when using `templatefile`. Carefully review the policy JSON for correctness, ensuring valid JSON syntax, proper escaping of special characters, and that all required fields adhere to the IAM policy grammar specified by AWS. Utilize online JSON validators and the AWS IAM policy simulator to identify and rectify any inconsistencies before applying your Terraform configuration.
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